Turbo Pascal Crt Patch' title='Turbo Pascal Crt Patch' />Why 4 2. Analog Signals Why 4 2. Analog Signals Why 4 2. Analog Signals Why 4 2. Analog Signals How come ISA selected this. Why not 5 2. 1ma The early transistors that Honeywells engineers used for the first transistorized circuits would not turn all the way off, so it wasnt possible to have a zero to whatever electrical current range with the leakage current. Fear not, said Marketing, well call it live zero, and sell it as a benefit. Search metadata Search full text of books Search TV captions Search archived web sites Advanced Search. Retrouvez toutes les discothque Marseille et se retrouver dans les plus grandes soires en discothque Marseille. NUs1mI4/TPm1VFxzWwI/AAAAAAAAADI/JRmXkNgzies/s1600/2.PNG' alt='Turbo Pascal Crt Patch' title='Turbo Pascal Crt Patch' />MSDOS Emulators CCS64 3. Per Hkan Sundell. An emulator from the author of PlaySID for the Amiga. Emulates all known VIC tricks, CPU and drive. Texas Rep. Lamar Smith, the Republican official in charge of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee, has now penned an editorial urging the public not to. No more missed important software updates UpdateStar 11 lets you stay up to date and secure with the software on your computer. Dateiformate Dateiendungen Rostocker PCKurse, Dateiformate Dateiendungen Dateitypen, Computerkurs in Rostock. Note This document is reference material for investigators and other FDA personnel. The document does not bind FDA, and does no confer any rights. Usage Statistics for communitygaze. Summary Period July 2017 Search String Generated 08Oct2017 0211 PDT. The concept of live zero was already established and recognized in pneumatics. There were other contenders for a current loop standard 1. Catia V5 License Torrent here. A comes to mind. only at 4 2. Also, at 4 2. 0ma with 2. V power supply, no spark will be generated. There is a long tradition dating from the early pneumatic instruments for a control range from 2. If you want to know why, look at the pressure vs travel curve for a flapper nozzle. The early electronic instruments used the same force balance approach many with a 1. A range easier to get a higher force with the higher current which was eventually translated over into the pure electronic format. A is enough to supply the standing current needed for loop power and not enough to cause excessive power loss. Why not 5 2. 1 m. A They had to decide on something. My pick would have been 5 2. A as it is slightly easier to convert a current into a signal with the 2. A span. Bruce. Does this selection have anything to do with selection of 2. Ohm loop resistance ie 4ma. DC just a variationThere are many reasons. It was a long time ago. One of the most important reasons was the need for a live zero for diagnostics. The Europeanstandard was, and is, 0 2. ADC. What Id suggest is that you take it as a given. Walt Boyes. Editor in Chief. Control magazinewww. Sound OFF http www. Putman Media Inc. W. Pierce Rd. Suite 3. Itasca, IL 6. 01. Also, I believe it was used in teletype type current loop transmission and the currents were probably the current that guaranteed 1. I read that on brittle yellowed pages somewhere before the information age. Regards cww. In reply to Curt Wuollet I believe we also had a discussion on this precise topic last year under the topic NET Current loop transmission rate. I believe which used other standards such as 6. Teletypewriters were used in industry for paper tape punching and reading for NC equipment, and for communications in the utility industry. In addition, teletypewriter technology was used for remote instrument telemetry. In other words, this sort of commercial equipment was adopted for industrial applications in much the same way that computer hardware was later although teletypewriters were of much higher quality than the cheap PC equipment we see today. Also, since teletypewriters were one of the larger volume electronic or precision electromechanical devices of the time, it is likely that components e. I got into the business about the time when glass teletypes were the rage but much of the test equipment and batch terminal stuff still had a TTY around with its PTP and the smell of oiled paper tape. Well into the 8. 0s many serial printers still offered a current loop option for long wire runs. The minicomputers and fledgling microcomputers were fully tty compatible as these were available surplus and often by simply scrounging. I possessed one of them for a while, but it went in a trade for some other long forgotten computer gear when I was playing with S1. CPM. I should have hung onto it, it would be soothing to slowly but steadily cover a couple feet from the big yellow rolls and listen to the whine of the punch. As a side note, DOS still had reader and punch destinations built in long after the PC and magnetic storage made them obsolete. I still have a few rolls of paper tape and can faintly smell kerosene when I open the drawer. I can still fire up the CPM machine and marvel at how patient we were. Of course, in a race I did a while back, the CPM machine and Word. Star were ready long before their modern counterparts, so I guess things dont change all that much. I should patch a driver for my laser printer just for the nostalgia. Regardscww. In reply to Curt Wuollet While we are talking about old hardware, I have some old computer hardware that is rather interesting from a historical perspective. I have an S 1. 00 bus computer that was used to control some machinery with multiple servo axes. It is a Compupro 81. RAM expansion board, an M Drive H RAM disk board, a math co processor board, a memory mapped video board it used a graphics monitor as well as a terminal, 3 single axis servo boards, and various other hardware. It came in a 4. U rack mount case, and the 4. U rack mount case. I got a WY 5. 0 terminal to go with it from a separate source the same as the original system used. Unfortunately, the person who gave it to me had thrown out all the documentation, and all the 8 inch floppy disks including the boot floppy. It wont boot from the hard drive and I havent been able to find another compatible boot floppy for it, so Ive never been able to do anything with it I admit though that I havent put that much effort into it. The system was actually working at the time they scrapped it though. What is interesting about it is that people were doing PC base automation before IBM came out with their first IBM PC. The standard for business personal computer use in those days was the S 1. Compupro also known as Godbout was the market leader, but there were others as well Cromemco, Morrow, North Star, etc. In those days, real professionals used the industry leaders S 1. CPM operating system. None of those companies survived past the end of the 1. They went from market dominance to completely forgotten. The same thing has happened over and over again in the computing industry, and no doubt it will continue to happen in future. Most of the companies which are considered to be the industry leaders of today didnt even exist 1. The ones which which were the leaders of 1. Its a good reminder of the risks of basing your plans on the continued survival and dominance of any particular proprietary supplier rather than on genuine standards. Ive uploaded some pictures for anyone who is interested the image hosting site requires javascript to be enabled to see much. Both racks http tinypic. Mainframe top view http tinypic. Drives, top view http tinypic. S 1. 00 bus racks were called mainframes, although they werent mainframe computers. In both top views the front of the rack is to the right. The mainframe backplane can hold 2. The three boards on the right are servo controllers. You can see the power supply at the top. For the drive enclosure, the item at the bottom right is an 8 inch floppy drive. The item at the top right is a 4. The power supply is at the back left. Seems like there is a bit of nostalgia creeping into the list so I may as well put in my 2 cents worth too. See Curt and Michaels commentsI got into the business as a Field Engineer in the early 7. Burroughs B3. 50. Google that one for a look at the room full Model 3. Teletype was the order of the day for operator interface and they were just coming out with the new and exciting BIDS, binary input display system which had a CRT display WOW. Memory back then was measured in Kbytes and I recall doing a big upgrade from 4.